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- * Visual pigments (opsins) retinal binding site *
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-
- Visual pigments [1,2] are the light-absorbing molecules that mediate vision.
- They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to the chromophore
- cis-retinal. Vision is effected through the absorption of a photon by cis-
- retinal which is isomerized to trans-retinal. This isomerization leads to a
- change of conformation of the protein. Opsins are integral membrane proteins
- with seven transmembrane regions. The attachment site for retinal is a
- conserved lysine residue in the middle of the seventh transmembrane helix.
-
- In vertebrates four different pigments are generally found. Rod cells, which
- mediate vision in dim light, contain the pigment rhodopsin. Cone cells, which
- function in bright light, are responsible for color vision and contain three
- or more color pigments (for example, in mammals: red, blue and green).
-
- In Drosophila, the eye is composed of 800 facets or ommatidia. Each
- ommatidium contains eight photoreceptor cells (R1-R8): the R1 to R6 cells are
- outer cells, R7 and R8 inner cells. Each of the three types of cells (R1-R6,
- R7 and R8) expresses a specific opsin.
-
- The pattern we developed includes the retinal binding lysine.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [SAC]-K-x(5)-[DEN]-P-x-[IV]-Y-x(6)-[FYD]
- [K is the retinal binding site]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
- -Last update: June 1994 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Applebury M.L., Hargrave P.A.
- Vision Res. 26:1881-1895(1986).
- [ 2] Fryxell K.J., Meyerowitz E.M.
- J. Mol. Evol. 33:367-378(1991).
-